Characteristics of Down Syndrome in Children

What are the common assessment findings that indicate a child has Down syndrome?

a. High arched narrow palate
b. Protruding tongue
c. Long, slender fingers
d. Transverse palmar crease
e. Hypertonic muscle tone

Answer:

The nurse can determine a child has Down syndrome by the presence of a protruding tongue and a transverse palmar crease.

Down syndrome, also known as Trisomy 21, is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of an extra full or partial copy of chromosome 21. This additional genetic material leads to the characteristic features and developmental delays associated with Down syndrome.

One of the common assessment findings that indicate to the nurse a child has Down syndrome is the presence of a protruding tongue. This physical feature is often observed in individuals with Down syndrome and can be a key indicator for healthcare professionals.

Another significant assessment finding is the presence of a transverse palmar crease, also known as the "Simian crease." This single crease across the palm is commonly seen in individuals with Down syndrome and can aid in the diagnosis of the condition.

While a high arched narrow palate and long, slender fingers are common physical characteristics of Down syndrome, they are not as specific as the protruding tongue and transverse palmar crease in indicating the condition. Additionally, hypertonic muscle tone is not a common characteristic of Down syndrome, as individuals with the condition often exhibit hypotonia or decreased muscle tone.

It is important for healthcare providers to recognize these assessment findings and conduct further evaluations and genetic testing to confirm a diagnosis of Down syndrome. Early intervention and support services can help children with Down syndrome reach their full potential and thrive.