Understanding Compound Relationships in Organic Chemistry

What are constitutional isomers in organic chemistry?

Answer:

Constitutional isomers have the same molecular formula but differ in the arrangement of atoms. In this case, the pair of compounds exhibit distinct connectivity, making them constitutional isomers (Option B).

Explanation:

Constitutional isomers are compounds that have the same molecular formula but differ in the connectivity or arrangement of their atoms (Option B). To determine if the pair of compounds is the same, constitutional isomers, or different compounds, we need to compare their structural formulas.

For example, let's consider two compounds with the molecular formula C₃H₆O. One might be propanal (CH₃CH₂CHO), an aldehyde, while the other could be propanone (CH₃COCH₃), a ketone. These compounds have the same number of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms but differ in their functional groups and connectivity.

The concept of constitutional isomerism is crucial in organic chemistry as it helps chemists understand the diversity of structures possible for a given molecular formula. It reflects how different arrangements of atoms lead to distinct chemical properties and behaviors.

In summary, the pair of compounds is classified as constitutional isomers because they share the same molecular formula but have different arrangements of atoms, resulting in distinct chemical structures and properties.