Biology and Genetics: Understanding Selective Breeding and Inheritance Patterns

Bull Terrier - Bulldog x Fox Terrier

1) Monohybrid cross

2) Dihybrid cross

3) Asexual reproduction

4) Environmental adaptation

Final answer:

The question involves Biology, specifically selective breeding and genetic inheritance patterns such as monohybrid and dihybrid crosses. Selective breeding can lead to health issues due to a narrowed gene pool. Mendel's experiments on monohybrid and dihybrid crosses help us understand the genetic transmission of traits.

Explanation:

The student's question pertains to selective breeding, referring to the combination of different dog breeds such as Bull Terrier and Bulldog x Fox Terrier. Selective breeding is an artificial selection process used by humans to develop new breeds with desired traits from the same ancestral species. For example, breeders have produced breeds like Bull Terriers by selecting specific traits over generations. However, this process can lead to health issues in animals due to a reduced gene pool and inbreeding, causing various genetic disorders and making them more susceptible to diseases such as cancer, hip dysplasia, and allergies.

Concerning the monohybrid and dihybrid crosses mentioned, they relate to the study of inheritance patterns. A monohybrid cross examines the inheritance of a single trait, whereas a dihybrid cross involves two traits. Using Punnett squares, geneticists can predict the distribution of inherited traits from parents to offspring. The process described by Mendel through his experiments with monohybrid and dihybrid crosses is essential to understanding how dominant and recessive alleles contribute to the phenotypes seen in progeny.